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RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Technology Characteristics

  • An automatic identification technology that uses radio frequency
  • A RFID system consists of tag(s), reader(s) and a backend system
  • A tag consists of an IC chip, an antenna and the inlay
  • Antenna size determines the tag size, or the device such as cell phone determines the size of the antenna (intenna)
  • Antenna can be designed to fit different applications
  • There are two kinds of tags, active and passive. Active tags have battery built in and passive ones do not. Passive tags derive power from the reader signal
  • Tags can be read (and be written) by RFID readers without seeing it
  • Tags are resistant to dirt and not easily damaged by rain
  • Tags can be read at high speed (eg, over 50 items per second)
  • A reader is used to read out data stored on the tag (IC chip). It is also responsible to deliver power to passive tags
  • Most common RFID systems use HF (13.5MHz) or UHF (869MHz in Europe, 915MHz in the USA)
  • License is not required if the antenna output power is less than the maximum allowable limit (eg, 2 watts in the USA)
  • In a passive system, the higher the reader power used, the longer the distance a tag can be read
  • For HF systems, read distance is generally a few centimeters. For UHF systems, read distance can be up to a few meters
  • RFID will be used by Department of Defense, big retailer chains like Wal-Mart in the US, Metro in Germany, Tesco in the UK and big manufacturers like Gillette and P&G
  • Metal, water, working environment and nearby interference can create problems to a UHF RFID system


RFID discussion in the A2ABlog
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